Search References Drug Actions/Targets About Access data Feedback
Sign In
mitontu@gmail.com
2021 MitoTox | (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Drug

D0007 | Amphetamine

Molecular Formula C9H13N
Molecular Weight 135.21
Structure
State liquid
Clearance The reported normal clearance rate is of 0.7 L.h/kg. This clearance has been shown to get significantly reduced in patients with renal impairment reaching a value of 0.4 L.h/kg.[F3244]
Volume of distribution Amphetamine is reported to have a high volume of distribution of 4 L/kg.[A174292]
Route of elimination The elimination of amphetamine is mainly via the urine from which about 40% of the excreted dose is found as unchanged amphetamine. About 90% of the administered amphetamine is eliminated 3 days after oral administration.[A174292] The rate of elimination of amphetamine highly depends on the urine pH in which acidic pH will produce a higher excretion of amphetamine and basic pH produces a lower excretion.[L5206]
Protein binding The reported protein binding of amphetamine is relatively low and register to be of 20%.[A174292]
Half life The half-life of amphetamine highly depends on the isomer. For d-amphetamine, the reported half-life is of approximately 9-11 hours while for l-amphetamine the half-life is reported to be of 11-14 hours. The urine pH can modify this pharmacokinetic parameter which can vary from 7 hours in acid urine to 34 hours for alkaline urine.[A174292]
Absorption Amphetamine is well absorbed in the gut and as it is a weak base hence the more basic the environment the more of the drug is found in a lipid-soluble form and the absorption through lipid-rich cell membranes is highly favored.[A174292] The peak response of amphetamine occurs 1-3 hours after oral administration and approximately 15 minutes after injection and it presents a bioavailability of over 75%.[L5206] Complete amphetamine absorption is usually done after 4-6 hours.[L5209]
Trade names Evekeo, Adderall
Description central nervous system stimulant

N

N06BA01 Amfetamine


[N06BA] Centrally acting sympathomimetics


[N06B] PSYCHOSTIMULANTS, AGENTS USED FOR ADHD AND NOOTROPICS


[N06] PSYCHOANALEPTICS


[N] Nervous system

Pictogram Signal Statements Precautionary Statement Codes
Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 40 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.


H226 (95%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]


H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.


 P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.


H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


 P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]


H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]


 P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P307+P311, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

Organism Test type Route Dose (normalized dose) Effect Source
mouse LD50 intravenous 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 146, Pg. 392, 1963.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 4400ug/kg (4.4mg/kg) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 161, Pg. 206, 1966.
guinea pig LDLo parenteral 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 128, Pg. 680, 1938.
rat LD50 oral 302mg/kg (302mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 42, 1959.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 180mg/kg (180mg/kg) behavioral: excitement Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 85, Pg. 119, 1945.
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 23mg/kg (23mg/kg) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 195, Pg. 647, 1940.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 22mg/kg (22mg/kg) behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Generale. Vol. 37, Pg. 597, 1939.
gerbil LD50 intraperitoneal 17600ug/kg (17.6mg/kg) Gerontology Vol. 23, Pg. 165, 1977.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 149, 1948.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 149, 1948.
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 195, Pg. 647, 1940.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 oral 135mg/kg (135mg/kg) Biochimie. Vol. 63, Pg. 495, 1981.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 84, 1973.
dog LD50 oral 23mg/kg (23mg/kg) Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 118, Pg. 557, 1965.
dog LDLo oral 6400ug/kg (6.4mg/kg) "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 84, 1973.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 232mg/kg (232mg/kg) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 158, Pg. 135, 1967.
gerbil LD50 intraperitoneal 17600ug/kg (17.6mg/kg) behavioral: changes in motor activity (specific assay) Gerontology Vol. 23, Pg. 165, 1977.
mouse LD50 unreported 8800ug/kg (8.8mg/kg) Acta Physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Vol. 32, Pg. 377, 1967.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 intraperitoneal 65mg/kg (65mg/kg) Biochimie. Vol. 63, Pg. 495, 1981.
guinea pig LD50 subcutaneous 105mg/kg (105mg/kg) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 137, Pg. 375, 1962.
man LDLo unreported 2206ug/kg (2.206mg/kg) "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
child TDLo oral 3600ug/kg/10D (3.6mg/kg) behavioral: muscle contraction or spasticity) American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 143, Pg. 1176, 1985.
domestic animals - goat/sheep LDLo subcutaneous 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. 198, Pg. 785, 1939.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 100, Pg. 267, 1950.
monkey LDLo subcutaneous 5mg/kg (5mg/kg) American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Vol. 198, Pg. 785, 1939.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 13mg/kg (13mg/kg) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 26, Pg. 430, 1992.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) behavioral: excitement Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 146, Pg. 392, 1963.
dog LDLo subcutaneous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 149, 1948.
mouse LD50 intravenous > 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 16, Pg. 1394, 1973.
chicken LD50 intraperitoneal 125mg/kg (125mg/kg) behavioral: changes in motor activity (specific assay) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 2, Pg. 558, 1960.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 125mg/kg (125mg/kg) behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 132, Pg. 97, 1961.
mouse LD50 oral 40mg/kg (40mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 41, Pg. 329, 1977.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 128, Pg. 680, 1938.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 oral 375mg/kg (375mg/kg) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 8, Pg. 836, 1965.
frog LD50 parenteral 280mg/kg (280mg/kg) behavioral: somnolence (general depressed activity) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 76, Pg. 375, 1942.
dog LD50 intravenous 6mg/kg (6mg/kg) Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 118, Pg. 557, 1965.
monkey LDLo oral 32mg/kg (32mg/kg) "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 84, 1973.
human TDLo oral 41mg/kg (41mg/kg) Klinische Wochenscrift. Vol. 17, Pg. 1580, 1938.
guinea pig LDLo oral 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 128, Pg. 680, 1938.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 160mg/kg (160mg/kg) Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 1874, 1937.
monkey LDLo subcutaneous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 149, 1948.
man TDLo oral 42mg/kg/25W-I (42mg/kg) behavioral: toxic psychosis Biological Psychiatry. Vol. 20, Pg. 1332, 1985.
rat LD50 oral 38mg/kg (38mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 185, 1971.
mouse LD50 oral 24mg/kg (24mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 13, Pg. 711, 1963.
chicken LD50 intravenous 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) behavioral: changes in motor activity (specific assay) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 2, Pg. 558, 1960.
mouse LD50 intravenous 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 15, Pg. 410, 1972.
mouse LD50 intravenous 31800ug/kg (31.8mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 2, Pg. 558, 1960.
mouse LDLo intraperitoneal 52mg/kg (52mg/kg) behavioral: ataxia Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 127, Pg. 55, 1959.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 4, Pg. 139, 1945.
rat LDLo subcutaneous 160mg/kg (160mg/kg) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 71, Pg. 62, 1941.
mouse LD50 oral 266mg/kg (266mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 42, 1959.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 7mg/kg (7mg/kg) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 170, Pg. 428, 1967.
rat LD50 oral 55mg/kg (55mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 13, Pg. 711, 1963.
rat LDLo intravenous 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 101, 1948.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 5500ug/kg (5.5mg/kg) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 161, Pg. 206, 1966.
mouse LD50 oral 21mg/kg (21mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 23, Pg. 810, 1973.
rat LD50 oral 30mg/kg (30mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 23, Pg. 810, 1973.

  • Affect lability

  • Agitation

  • Decreased appetite

  • Distractibility

  • Electroencephalogram abnormal

  • Hyperkinesia

  • Learning disability

  • Memory impairment

  • Mental disorder

  • Mood swings

  • Narcolepsy

  • Psychotic disorder

    • (+)-.alpha.-Methylphenethylamine (+)-.alpha.-Methylphenylethylamine (+-)-Benzedrine
    (+-)-alpha-Methylbenzeneethanamine (+-)-alpha-Methylphenethylamine (+-)-alpha-Methylphenylethylamine
    (+/-)-Amphetamine solution, 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material (+/-)-Amphetamine solution, 100 mug/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material (+/-)-Benzedrine
    (+/-)-Desoxynorephedrine (+/-)-beta-Phenylisopropylamine (.+/-.)-.alpha.-Methylphenethylamine
    (.+/-.)-.alpha.-Methylphenylethylamine (.+/-.)-.beta.-Phenylisopropylamine (.+/-.)-Benzedrine
    (.+/-.)-Desoxynorephedrine (Phenylisopropyl)amine (S)-(+)-.beta.-Phenylisopropylamine
    (S)-.alpha.-Phenylethylamine (plusmn)-amphetamine .alpha.-Methylbenzeneethanamine
    .alpha.-Methylbenzeneethaneamine .alpha.-Methylphenethylamine .alpha.-Methylphenethylamine, d-form
    .alpha.-Methylphenylethylamine .beta.-Aminopropylbenzene .beta.-Phenylisopropylamin
    .beta.-Phenylisopropylamine 1-Methyl-2-phenylethylamine 1-Phenyl-2-amino-propan
    1-Phenyl-2-amino-propan [German] 1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane 1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane (VAN)
    1-Phenyl-2-propanamine 1-Phenyl-2-propylamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine
    2-Amino-1-phenylpropane 3-AMINO-1-PROPYLBENZENE 3-Phenyl-2-propylamine
    3-phenylpropan-2-amine 300-62-9 3797-EP2275420A1
    3797-EP2295439A1 3797-EP2298734A2 3797-EP2298742A1
    3797-EP2298779A1 3797-EP2305219A1 3797-EP2305648A1
    3797-EP2305656A1 3797-EP2308867A2 3797-EP2308870A2
    3797-EP2311801A1 3797-EP2311802A1 3797-EP2311803A1
    3797-EP2314571A2 3797-EP2371814A1 41820-21-7
    60-15-1 AI3-02438 ALPHA-METHYL-BENZENEETHANAMIDE (SEE ALSO DL-AMPHETAMINE SULFATE)
    AMPHETAMINE AMPHETAMINE (SEE ALSO: D-AMPHETAMINE (51-64-9) & AMPHETAMINE SULFATE (60-13-9)) AMPHETAMINE, (D)
    Actedron Adderal Adderall XR
    Adipan Adzenys ER Allodene
    Amfetamin (TN) Amfetamina [INN-Spanish] Amfetamina [Italian]
    Amfetamine Amfetamine (INN) Amfetamine [INN:BAN]
    Amfetaminum [INN-Latin] Amphetamin Amphetamine Sulfate (2:1)
    Amphetamine mixture with Dextroamphetamine Amphetamine resin complex Amphetamine salts
    Amphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers Anfetamina [Spanish] Anorexide
    Anorexine BDBM50005246 Benzebar
    Benzedrine Benzeneethanamine, (S)- Benzeneethanamine, .alpha.-methyl-
    Benzeneethanamine, .alpha.-methyl-, (.+/-.)- Benzeneethanamine, .alpha.-methyl-, (.alpha.S)- Benzeneethanamine, .alpha.-methyl-, (S)-
    Benzeneethanamine, alpha-methyl- Benzeneethanamine, alpha-methyl-, (+-)- Benzolone
    C07514 CHEBI:132233 CHEBI:2679
    CHEMBL405 D-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropan D07445
    DB-047697 DB00182 DEA No. 1100
    DELCOBESE DEXTROAMP SACCHARATE, AMP ASPARTATE, DEXTROAMP SULFATE AND AMP SULFATE DL-.alpha.-Methylphenethylamine
    DL-Amphetamine solution, 1 mg/mL in methanol, drug standard DTXSID4022600 Desoxynorephedrin
    Desoxynorephedrine Dexacaps Dexedrine
    DivK1c_000991 Dyanavel XR EINECS 200-458-3
    EINECS 206-096-2 Elastonon Euphodyn (Salt/Mix)
    FT-0631912 FT-0694835 Fabedrine (Salt/Mix)
    Fenamin (Salt/Mix) Fenopromin Fenylo-izopropylaminyl
    Fenylo-izopropylaminyl [Polish] Finam GTPL4804
    HMS503G03 HSDB 3287 IDI1_000991
    Isoamycin Isoamyne Isomyn
    KBio1_000991 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N L000864
    LS-1148 LS-1428 Levoamphetamine
    MCULE-4193952437 Mecodrin Mydrial
    NINDS_000991 NSC 27159 NSC-27159
    NSC-73713 NSC27159 NSC73713
    NT-0201 Noclon (Salt/Mix) Norephedrane
    Norephedrine, deoxy- Novydrine Oktedrin
    Oprea1_447423 Oraldrina (Salt/Mix) Ortedrine
    Ortenal (Salt/Mix) Percomon Phenamine
    Phenedrine Phenethylamine, (+)- Phenethylamine, .alpha.-methyl-
    Phenethylamine, .alpha.-methyl-, (.+/-.)- Phenethylamine, D-.alpha.-methyl- Phenethylamine, alpha-methyl, (+-)-
    Phenethylamine, alpha-methyl- Phenethylamine, alpha-methyl-, (+-)- Phenethylamine, d-
    Profamina Protioamphetamine Psychedrine
    Q179452 S(+)-Amphetamine SCHEMBL8858
    Simpatina Stimulan (Salt/Mix) Sympametin (Salt/Mix)
    Thyramine Vapedrine (Salt/Mix) WLN: ZY1&1R
    WLN: ZY1&1R -D Zedrine (Salt/Mix) alpha-Methylbenzeneethaneamine
    alpha-Methylphenethylamine alpha-Methylphenylethylamine alpha-methyl phenethylamine
    amfetaminum amphetamine- beta-Aminopropylbenzene
    beta-Aminopropylbenzene (VAN) beta-Phenylisopropylamin beta-Phenylisopropylamin [German]
    beta-Phenylisopropylamine beta-phenyl-isopropylamine component of Amodex
    component of Biphetamine d-.alpha.-Methylphenethylamine d/l-Amphetamine hydrochloride
    dl-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane dl-Amphetamine dl-Benzedrine
    dl-alpha-Methylphenethylamine levo-Amphetamine rac-(2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
    rac-Amphetamine rac-Amphetamine 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol racemic-Desoxynor-ephedrine

    DrugBank Name Amphetamine
    DrugBank DB00182
    CAS Number 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 300-62-9, 3090-45-7, 41820-21-7, 51-62-7, 51-64-9, 60-13-9, 60-15-1
    PubChem Compound 3007
    KEGG Compound ID C07514
    KEGG Drug D07445
    PubChem.Substance 46506414
    ChEBI 132233
    PharmGKB PA448408
    ChemSpider 13852819
    BindingDB 50005246.0
    TTD DAP001146
    Wikipedia Amphetamine
    DPD 8300|8309|22635

    1. Dykens et al. (2007)
    2. Meyer et al. (2017)
    3. Parameyong et al. (2013)