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Drug

D0025 | Chromium

Molecular Formula Cr
Molecular Weight 51.996
Structure
State solid
Clearance Excretion of chromium is via the kidneys ranges from 3 to 50 μg/day [FDA Label]. The 24-hour urinary excretion rates for normal human subjects are reported to be 0.22 μg/day [L1990].
Volume of distribution Absorbed chromium is distributed to all tissues of the body and its distribution in the body depends on the species, age, and chemical form [L1990]. Circulating Cr (III) following oral or parenteral administration of different compounds can be taken up by tissues and accumulates in the liver, kidney, spleen, soft tissue, and bone [L1986].
Route of elimination Absorbed chromium is excreted mainly in the urine, accounting for 80% of total excretion of chromium; small amounts are lost in hair, perspiration and bile [L1982]. Chromium is excreted primarily in the urine by glomerular filtration or bound to a low molecular-weight organic transporter [L1990].
Protein binding In the blood, 95% of chromium (III) is bound to large molecular mass proteins, such as transferrin, while a small proportion associates with low molecular mass oligopeptides [L1983]. Serum chromium is bound to transferrin in the beta globulin fraction [FDA Label].
Half life The elimination half-life of hexavalent chromium is 15 to 41 hours [L1982].
Absorption Chromium compounds are both absorbed by the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Oral absorption of chromium compounds in humans can range between 0.5% and 10%, with the hexavalent (VI) chromium more easily absorbed than the trivalent (III) form [L1982]. Absorption of chromium from the intestinal tract is low, ranging from less than 0.4% to 2.5% of the amount consumed [L1986]. Vitamin C and the vitamin B niacin is reported to enhance chromium absorption [L1986]. Most hexavalent Cr (VI) undergoes partial intragastric reduction to Cr (III) upon absorption, which is an action mainly mediated by sulfhydryl groups of amino acids [L1982]. Cr (VI) readily penetrates cell membranes and chromium can be found in both erythrocytes and plasma after gastrointestinal absorption of Cr (IV). In comparison, the presence of chromium is limited to the plasma as Cr (III) displays poor cell membrane penetration [L1982]. Once transported through the cell membrane, Cr (VI) is rapidly reduced to Cr (III), which subsequently binds to macromolecules or conjugate with proteins. Cr (III) may be bound to transferrin or other plasma proteins, or as complexes, such as glucose tolerance factor (GTF).
Description chemical elemen

Pictogram Signal Statements Precautionary Statement Codes
Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 2241 companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.


Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 974 of 2241 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website


Of the 16 notification(s) provided by 1267 of 2241 companies with hazard statement code(s):


H317 (39.31%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]


H319 (35.12%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H334 (38.44%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]


H400 (18.31%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]


H410 (14.05%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.


 P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P363, P391, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Warning

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]


H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


 P273, P391, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]


H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]


H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]


 P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]


H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


 P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P285, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

Organism Test type Route Dose (normalized dose) Effect Source
rat LD50 unreported 27500ug/kg (27.5mg/kg) Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 37(10), Pg. 27, 1972.

  • Haemolytic anaemia

  • Senile dementia

    • 0R0008Q3JB 19498-56-7 24Cr
    7440-47-3 8493AF AB1002920
    AKOS015833211 C06268 CCRIS 159
    CHEBI:28073 CHEBI:33010 CHROMIUM, 99.5% LUMP
    CTK2H7804 Chrom Chrom [German]
    Chrome Chrome [French] Chromium
    Chromium Arginate 7% 40M Chromium Citrate Trit Chromium Histidinate 8% 40M
    Chromium Lysinate 0.28% 40M Chromium Molybdenum Trituration 1% 60 Mesh Chromium Polynicotinate/Nicotinate 0.2% 40M
    Chromium Rice Chelate 1% 40M w/Cr Arginate Chromium Trituration Chromium Yeast 0.2% Blend Only
    Chromium Yeast Dark Chromium Yeast Light Chromium compounds
    Chromium flakes, 2-12mm (0.08-0.47in) Chromium metal Chromium metal [Chromium and chromium compounds]
    Chromium sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick Chromium sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick Chromium, 99+%, pure, powder
    Chromium, Oil based standard solution, Specpure, Cr 5000g/g Chromium, bar, 100mm x 2mm x 2mm, 99.7+% Chromium, chips, 99.995% trace metals basis
    Chromium, chips, thickness ~2 mm, 99.5% Chromium, chunks, >=99.99% trace metals basis Chromium, coating quality, 99.95%, grit
    Chromium, elemental Chromium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95% Chromium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+%
    Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, hard, 99.7+% Chromium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, hard, 99.95% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.007mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.008mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.03mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.04mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.03mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.04mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.003mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.007mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.03mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.04mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.002mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.003mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.04mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 10 x 10 mm, purity 99.7+%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 0.75 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, tolerance 0.2 Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 12.5 x 12.5 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 75 x 75 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 10 g, purity 99.99% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%
    Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.99% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.95% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 99.99%
    Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.99% Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%
    Chromium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.99% Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.95% Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 1000 g, purity 99.95%
    Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.95% Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.95% Chromium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 500 g, purity 99.95%
    Chromium, metal Chromium, metal and chromium(III) compounds Chromium, metal and insol. salts
    Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 18.21mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.05mum, specific density 37.27mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25mum, specific density 178.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5mum, specific density 355mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+% Chromium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 1.0mum, specific density 719mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.99+%
    Chromium, plasma standard solution, Specpure, Cr 10g/ml Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99.0+% Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 2000 g, purity 99.0+%
    Chromium, powder, 200 max. part. size (micron), weight 50 g, purity 99.0+% Chromium, powder, 38 max. part. size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99.0+% Chromium, powder, 99.5%, -100 mesh
    Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99% Chromium, powder, <10 mean particle size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99% Chromium, powder, >=99% trace metals basis, -325 mesh
    Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.+% Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+% Chromium, powder, max. particle size 200 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+%
    Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.+% Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.+% Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99.+%
    Chromium, powder, max. particle size 38 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.+% Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 100 g, min. particle size 38 micron Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 1000 g, min. particle size 38 micron
    Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, min. particle size 38 micron Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 50 g, min. particle size 38 micron Chromium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 500 g, min. particle size 38 micron
    Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 20 g, purity 99% Chromium, powder, mean particle size <10 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99% Chromium, puriss., 98.0%
    Chromium, rod, 0.5 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 1.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
    Chromium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 10mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+%
    Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 25mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.7+%
    Chromium, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 100 mm, purity 99.7+% Chromium, rod, 8.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99.7+%
    Chromium, rod, length 25 mm, 0.5 mm diameter, purity 99.7+% Chromium, sputtering target, diam. x thickness 3.00 in. x 0.125 in., 99.95% trace metals basis Cr
    Cr(-) DB11136 DTXSID3031022
    EC 231-157-5 EINECS 231-157-5 Epitope ID:114071
    HSDB 910 KS-0000117I KSC377Q0J
    LS-1640 LS-53406 MFCD00010944
    Q27115184 RT-000104 TRA0169986
    UNII-0R0008Q3JB VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromide(-I)
    chromide(1-) chromium anion chromium atom
    cromo

    DrugBank Name Chromium
    DrugBank DB11136
    CAS Number 14553-44-7, 16029-98-4, 19498-56-7, 7440-47-3
    PubChem Compound 23976
    KEGG Compound ID C06268
    PubChem.Substance 347827914
    ChEBI 28073
    PharmGKB PA448989
    ChemSpider 22412
    Wikipedia Chromium
    DPD 2001

    1. Chuck Blajszczak & Marcelo G.Bonini. (2017)
    2. Kalinowski et al., 2016