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Drug

D0091 | Nicotine

Molecular Formula C10H14N2
Molecular Weight 162.23
Structure
State liquid
Clearance * 1.2 L/min [healthy adult smoker]
Volume of distribution * 2 to 3 L/kg
Route of elimination About 10% of the nicotine absorbed is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Protein binding Less than 5%
Half life Cotinine has a half life of 15-20 hours, while nicotine has a half life of 1-3 hours
Absorption Absorption of nicotine through the buccal mucosa is relatively slow and the high and rapid rise followed by the decline in nicotine arterial plasma concentrations seen with cigarette smoking are not achieved with the inhaler. About 10% of absorbed nicotine is excreted unchanged in urine.
Description nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) agonist; stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid; naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants (most notably in tobacco);

N

N07BA01 Nicotine


[N07BA] Drugs used in nicotine dependence


[N07B] DRUGS USED IN ADDICTIVE DISORDERS


[N07] OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS


[N] Nervous system

Toxicity Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL > 400 µM 30 mins mouse liver mitochondria Rh123 fluorescence (excitation 485 nm, emission 535 nm) are recorded using a fluorescence multi-well plate reader (mCICCP (20 µM) treatments was considered as the 100% baseline for ΔΨm loss) decrease EC20 36
RESPIRATION > 400 µM 60 mins mouse liver mitochondria Oxygen consumption was monitored with 50nM MitoXpress ( an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dye) using a spectrofluorimeter (Tecan Infinite 200; λExcitation 380nm; λEmission 650nm). Rotenone (2µM) was used as 100% baseline for complex I inhibition. decrease EC20 36
RESPIRATION 312 µM 60 mins mouse liver mitochondria Oxygen consumption was monitored with 50nM MitoXpress ( an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dye) using a spectrofluorimeter (Tecan Infinite 200; λExcitation 380nm; λEmission 650nm). Oligomycin A (1µM) was used as 100% baseline for complex II inhibition. decrease EC20 36
BASAL RESPIRATION 1.4 µg/ml zebrafish XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer Negative 87
BASAL RESPIRATION 1.4 µg/ml zebrafish XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer Negative 87
MAXIMAL RESPIRATION 1.4 µg/ml zebrafish XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer Negative 87
ATP TURNOVER 1.4 µg/ml zebrafish XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer Negative 87
SWELLING > 400 µM 30 mins mouse liver mitochondria swelling assay: Absorbance at 545 nm using a fluorescence multi-well plate reader (CaCl2 (50 µM) was considered as the 100% baseline for the swelling ) increase EC20 36
MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS 10 mM Human Human embryonal carcinoma cells (NT2/D1) 247

Target Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
NADH:ubiquinone reductase > 400 µM 60 mins mouse liver mitochondria Oxygen consumption was monitored with 50nM MitoXpress ( an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dye) using a spectrofluorimeter (Tecan Infinite 200; λExcitation 380nm; λEmission 650nm). Rotenone (2µM) was used as 100% baseline for complex I inhibition. inhibit EC20 36
Succinate dehydrogenase 312 µM 60 mins mouse liver mitochondria Oxygen consumption was monitored with 50nM MitoXpress ( an oxygen-sensitive phosphorescent dye) using a spectrofluorimeter (Tecan Infinite 200; λExcitation 380nm; λEmission 650nm). Oligomycin A (1µM) was used as 100% baseline for complex II inhibition. inhibit EC20 36
Cytochrome c > 400 µM 30 mins mouse liver mitochondria Cytochrome c release was evaluated using ELISA kit ( 20 µg/ml Alamethicin was used as 100% baseline) release EC20 36

Pictogram Signal Statements Precautionary Statement Codes
Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


 P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 508 companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.


H300 (69.88%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H301 (30.12%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310 (99.41%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H330 (68.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.


 P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.


H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


 P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.


H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


 P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P310, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


 P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]


H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]


 P201, P202, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

Organism Test type Route Dose (normalized dose) Effect Source
bird - domestic LDLo intramuscular 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) Physiological Zoology. Vol. 12, Pg. 238, 1939.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 33mg/kg (33mg/kg) Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. Vol. 25, Pg. 83, 1947.
rat LDLo subcutaneous 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 584, 1948.
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 24mg/kg (24mg/kg) Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. Vol. 25, Pg. 83, 1947.
frog LDLo unreported 40mg/kg (40mg/kg) "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 584, 1948.
mouse LD50 intravenous 6150ug/kg (6.15mg/kg) Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 84, Pg. 1, 1984.

  • Acute coronary syndrome

  • Angina pectoris

  • Arrhythmia

  • Coronary artery disease

  • Drug withdrawal syndrome

  • Eczema

  • Endocrine disorder

  • Gangrene

  • Hepatic failure

  • Hypersensitivity

  • Liver disorder

  • Local reaction

  • Malignant hypertension

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Nicotine dependence

  • Non-tobacco user

  • Palpitations

  • Peptic ulcer

  • Peripheral vascular disorder

  • Pregnancy

  • Prinzmetal angina

  • Rash generalised

  • Renal failure

  • Renal impairment

  • Sensitisation

  • Skin disorder

  • Sleep disorder

  • Thromboangiitis obliterans

  • Urticaria

  • Vasodilation procedure

  • Application site reaction (0.176)

  • Pain (0.021)

  • Abdominal pain

  • Acne

  • Arthralgia

  • Back pain

  • Confusional state

  • Dermatitis

  • Diarrhoea

  • Dysgeusia

  • Dysmenorrhoea

  • Dyspepsia

  • Dyspnoea

  • Feeling abnormal

  • Flatulence

  • Gastrointestinal pain

  • Headache

  • Menstrual disorder

  • Mouth ulceration

  • Musculoskeletal discomfort

  • Myalgia

  • Nausea

  • Oedema

  • Palpitations

  • Paraesthesia

  • Pruritus

  • Rash

  • Stomatitis

  • Tongue disorder

  • Tooth disorder

  • Vertigo

    • (-)-.beta.-Pyridyl-.alpha.-N-methylpyrrolidine (-)-1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine (-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine
    (-)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine (-)-Nicotine (-)-Nicotine solution, 1.0 mg/mL, analytical standard, for drug analysis
    (-)-Nicotine solution, 100 mug/mL in acetonitrile, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard (-)-Nicotine, >=99% (GC), liquid (-)-Nicotine, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
    (2S) 3-(1-Methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-pyridine (S)-(-)--nicotine (S)-(-)-Nicotine
    (S)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (S)-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine (S)-3-(N-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
    (S)-Nicotine 006N369 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridiyl)pyrrolidine
    1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-Pyrrolidine 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-pyrrolidene
    1uw6 3-((2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrollidinyl)pyridine
    3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-Pyridine 3-(2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl))pyridine
    3-(N-Methylpyrollidino)pyridine 3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine 3-N-methylpyrrolidine
    3-[(1R)-1beta-Methylpyrrolidine-2alpha-yl]pyridine 3-[(2S)-1-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDINYL] PYRIDINE 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine
    434F7990-3240-4A43-ACEC-E6CC1E495FA0 54-11-5 6M3C89ZY6R
    AB00694322_12 AI3-03424 AKOS016843798
    BDBM82070 BIDD:GT0599 BRD-K05395900-322-02-1
    BRD-K05395900-322-04-7 Black leaf C00745
    CAS-54-11-5 CAS_29790-52-1 CCG-204892
    CCRIS 1637 CHEBI:17688 CHEMBL3
    CPD000059074 CS-3999 CTK8F2098
    Campbell's nico-soap Caswell No. 597 D03365
    DB00184 DL-tetrahydronicotyrine DSSTox_CID_930
    DSSTox_GSID_20930 DSSTox_RID_75874 DTXSID1020930
    Destruxol orchid spray EC 200-193-3 EINECS 200-193-3
    ENT 3,424 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 056702 Emo-nik
    Exodus FT-0603228 FT-0672702
    Flux MAAG Fumetobac GTPL2585
    HMS2230H17 HMS3259E16 HSDB 1107
    HY-B0638 Habitrol Habitrol (TN)
    J-500021 L(-)-nicotine L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine
    L-Nicotine L-Nicotine, 99+% MCULE-8728421654
    MFCD00006369 MLS001055457 MLS001335905
    Mach-Nic Micotine N0079
    NC00577 NCGC00090693-01 NCGC00090693-02
    NCGC00090693-03 NCGC00090693-04 NCGC00090693-05
    NCGC00090693-06 NCGC00090693-07 NCGC00090693-08
    NCGC00090693-09 NCGC00254095-01 NCGC00259363-01
    NICOTINE AND SALTS NICOTINE-L (BASE) NSC 5065
    Niagara P.A. dust Nic-Sal Nicabate
    Nico-Fume Nico-dust Nicocide
    Nicoderm Nicoderm Cq Nicoderm Patch
    Nicorette Nicotin Nicotina
    Nicotina [Italian] Nicotine (USP) Nicotine (compounds related to)
    Nicotine 10 microg/mL in Methanol Nicotine 100 microg/mL in Methanol Nicotine Patch
    Nicotine [BSI:ISO] Nicotine [UN1654] Nicotine [UN1654] [Poison]
    Nicotine [UN1654] [Poison] Nicotine [USAN] Nicotine [USP:BAN]
    Nicotine [for single use] Nicotine alkaloid Nicotine betadex
    Nicotine polacrilex Nicotine polacrilex [USAN] Nicotine-D salicylate
    Nicotinum Nicotrol Nicotrol Inhaler
    Nicotrol NS Nictoine patch Nikotin [German]
    Nikotyna Nikotyna [Polish] Niquitin
    Ortho N-4 and N-5 dusts Ortho N-4 dust Ortho N-5 dust
    PDSP1_000113 PDSP1_000465 PDSP2_000463
    PDSP2_000555 Prostep Pyridine, 3-((2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-
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    Pyridine, 3-(tetrahydro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl), (S)- Pyridine, 3-[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]- Pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-
    Pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)- Q28086552 R)-(+)-nicotine
    RCRA waste no. P075 RCRA waste number P075 S(-)-Nicotine solution, 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material
    S-()-Nicotine-pyridine-d4 S-(-)-Nicotine SAM002564224
    SB12751 SBB012359 SBI-0050785.P003
    SC-58411 SCHEMBL20192 SDCCGMLS-0066911.P001
    SMR000059074 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N SR-05000001762-5
    ST069320 Tabazur Tendust
    Tetrahydronicotyrine, DL- Tox21_201814 Tox21_300174
    Transdermal Nicotine UN1654 UNII-6M3C89ZY6R
    XL All Insecticide Z1954805269 ZINC391812
    a -N-methylpyrrolidine a-N-methylpyrrolidine alpha-N-methylpyrrolidine
    beta-Pyridyl-alpha-N-methyl pyrrolidine beta-Pyridyl-alpha-N-methylpyrrolidine bmse000105
    delta-Nicotine destruxol fumeto bac
    methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine nicotine nicotine replacement patch

    DrugBank Name Nicotine
    DrugBank DB00184
    CAS Number 104062-50-2, 25013-16-5, 25162-00-9, 54-11-5, 65-31-6, 69782-38-3
    PubChem Compound 89594
    KEGG Compound ID C00745
    KEGG Drug D03365
    PubChem.Substance 46506924
    ChEBI 17688
    PharmGKB PA450626
    ChemSpider 80863
    BindingDB 82070.0
    TTD DAP000175
    Wikipedia Nicotine
    HET NCT
    DPD 4365

    1. Meyer et al. (2017)
    2. Hirata et al. (2016)