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Drug

D0154 | Carbon Monoxide

Molecular Formula CO
Molecular Weight 28.01
Structure
State gas
Protein binding Binds with very high affinity to hemoglobin in humans [L2549].
Half life The half-life of carbon monoxide at room air temperature is 3-4 hours. 100% oxygen reduces the half-life to 30-90 minutes; hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atm (atmosphere units) with 100% oxygen reduces it to 15-23 minutes [L2552].
Absorption Although CO is not one of the respiratory gases, the similarity of physico-chemical properties of CO and oxygen (O2) permits an extension of the findings of studies on the kinetics of transport of O2 to those of CO. The rate of formation and elimination of COHb, its concentration in blood, and its catabolism is controlled by numerous physical factors and physiological mechanisms [L2546]. The absorption of carbon monoxide from the consumption treated food products is not significant. Risk of CO toxicity from the packaging process or from consumption of CO-treated meats is negligible [A32745].
Description colorless, odorless, and tasteless flammable gas

Toxicity Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN affect 167

Target Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
Cytochrome c oxidase 254
oxygen competitive inhibitor 167

Pictogram Signal Statements Precautionary Statement Codes
Danger

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]


H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H360D ***: May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]


H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


 P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 715 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.


H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]


H280 (47.27%): Contains gas under pressure


may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]


H331 (99.44%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H360 (100%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]


H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.


 P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]


H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H360D: May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]


H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


 P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]


H280: Contains gas under pressure


may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]


H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]


H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]


H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]


H373: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


 P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

Organism Test type Route Dose (normalized dose) Effect Source
mouse LC50 inhalation 2444ppm/4H (2444ppm) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970.
dog LCLo inhalation 4000ppm/46M (4000ppm) "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1360, 1935.
rabbit LCLo inhalation 4000ppm (4000ppm) "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1360, 1935.
guinea pig LC50 inhalation 5718ppm/4H (5718ppm) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970.
human TCLo inhalation 600mg/m3/10M (600mg/m3) behavioral: headache Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 31(4), Pg. 34, 1987.
mammal (species unspecified) LCLo inhalation 5000ppm/5M (5000ppm) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928.
rat LC50 inhalation 1807ppm/4H (1807ppm) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 752, 1970.
human LCLo inhalation 4mg/m3/12H (4mg/m3) Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. Vol. (4), Pg. 26, 1999.
human LCLo inhalation 5000ppm/5M (5000ppm) Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933.
man TCLo inhalation 650ppm/45M (650ppm) American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 34, Pg. 212, 1973.
bird - wild LC50 inhalation 1334ppm (1334ppm) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983.
man LCLo inhalation 4000ppm/30M (4000ppm) "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968Vol. -, Pg. 207, 1968.


  • .carbon monoxide 630-08-0 7U1EE4V452
    ACMC-1B3LA C#O C00237
    CHEBI:17245 CHEMBL1231840 CTK0I2914
    Carbon monoxide (USAN) Carbon monoxide 10% by volume or more Carbon monoxide [USAN]
    Carbon monoxide, compressed Carbon monoxide, compressed [UN1016] [Poison gas] Carbon monoxide, compressed [UN1016] [Poison gas]
    Carbon monoxide, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) Carbon monoxide, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) [NA9202] [Poison gas] Carbon monoxide, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) [NA9202] [Poison gas]
    Carbon oxide (CO) Carbone (oxyde de) [French] Carboneum oxygenisatum
    Carbonic oxide Carbonio (ossido di) [Italian] D09706
    DB11588 DTXSID5027273 EC 211-128-3
    EINECS 211-128-3 Exhaust gas Flue gas
    HSDB 903 Kohlenmonoxid [German] Kohlenoxyd [German]
    Koolmonoxyde [Dutch] LS-187194 LS-52213
    NA9202 Oxyde de carbone [French] Q2025
    TC-167536 UN1016 UNII-7U1EE4V452
    Wegla tlenek [Polish] [CO] c0369
    carbon monooxide carbon monoxide carbon(II) oxide
    monoxide

    DrugBank Name Carbon monoxide
    DrugBank DB11588
    CAS Number 12795-06-1, 630-08-0
    PubChem Compound 281
    KEGG Compound ID C00237
    KEGG Drug D09706
    PubChem.Substance 347827995
    ChEBI 17245
    ChemSpider 275
    Wikipedia Carbon monoxide
    HET CMO
    DPD 1938

    1. Rose et al. (2017)
    2. Fetterman et al. (2017)
    3. Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham & Marni J.Falk. (2017)
    4. Meyer et al. (2013)
    5. Wallace, 2008