Drug

D0229 | Rotenone

Molecular Formula C23H22O6
Molecular Weight 394.4
Structure
Trade names Tubatoxin, Paraderil
Description isoflavone; naturally occurs in the jicama vine plant; broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide; member of rotenoids; Class II/B Complex I inhibitors; semiquinone antagonist; inhibits the transfer of electrons from iron-sulfur centers in complex I to ubiquinone; Complex I inhibitor; Classical respiratory inhibitors ; naturally occurring substances containing a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene nucleus.

Toxicity Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
OPENING OF PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE (PTP) 5 µM 1 hour Human HepG2 High-content screening assay Decrease MEC 306
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 17.38±1.94 human qHTS-HepG2 MMP assay decrease IC50 163
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 0.01 human HepG2 MMP assay decrease IC50 163
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 0.20±0.30 rat hepatocytes MMP assay decrease IC50 163
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 5 µM 1 hour Human HepG2 High-content screening assay Decrease MEC 306
RESPIRATION 10–100 nmol SK-N-MC Neuroblastoma cells decrease 242
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE (OCR) 263±43 nM 2 minutes human HepG2 Measurement of OCR decrease EC50 7
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN decrease 35
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN affect 53
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 0.07 nmol/mg bovine mitochondria NADH–Q decrease IC50 94
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 0.04 nmol/mg bovine mitochondria NADH–O2 decrease IC50 94
ECAR 371±58 nM 2 minutes human HepG2 Measurement of ECAR increase EC50 7
GLUCOSE GALACTOSE IC50 RATIO 51 LUHMES (Lund human mesencephalic) cells Glc–Gal–NeuriTox assay EC25(NA) [Glc/Gal] 326
ROS PRODUCTION 0.1–0.5 nmol/mg protein Wistar rat brain isolated mitochondria increase 242
ROS PRODUCTION 100 µM 1 hour Human HepG2 High-content screening assay Increase MEC 306
APOPTOSIS 0.1–0.5 nmol/mg protein Wistar rat brain isolated mitochondria 242
AUTOPHAGY 1µM overnight HeLa cells Cyto-ID Autophagy Detection dye and Autophagy compound library in a microplate-based assay induce >2 fold increase 277

Target Dose Time Species Model Method Action Positive criterion Reference
NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor 35
NADH:ubiquinone reductase 0.07 nmol/mg bovine mitochondria NADH–Q inhibitor IC50 94
NADH:ubiquinone reductase 0.04 nmol/mg bovine mitochondria NADH–O2 inhibitor IC50 94
NADH:ubiquinone reductase 185
NADH:ubiquinone reductase 185
NADH:ubiquinone reductase 51 LUHMES (Lund human mesencephalic) cells Glc–Gal–NeuriTox assay EC25(NA) [Glc/Gal] 326
semiquinone antagonist 53
semiquinone 10–100 nmol SK-N-MC Neuroblastoma cells 242
Reactive oxygen species 100 µM 1 hour Human HepG2 High-content screening assay increase MEC 306

Pictogram Signal Statements Precautionary Statement Codes
Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]


H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]


H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 199 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.


H301 (99.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]


H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]


H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.


P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]


H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]


P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]


H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]


H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]


H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]


H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure


Respiratory tract irritation]


H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]


H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


H373: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]


P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501; (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)

Organism Test type Route Dose (normalized dose) Effect Source
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 26, Pg. 570, 1983.


  • (-)-Rotenone (-)-cis-Rotenone (1)Benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2-alpha-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-
    (1)Benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, (2R,6aS,12aS)- (1)Benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, (2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha))- (1)Benzopyrano[3,3-h](1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2-.alpha.-iospropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-
    (12aS,6aS,2R)-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylvinyl)-1,2-dihydrochromano[3,4-b]furano [2,3-h]chroman-6-one (2R,6a5,12axS)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2a-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-H)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one (2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one
    (2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a- hexahydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9- dimethoxychromeno[3,4-b] furo(2,3-h)chromen-6-one (2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a-hexahydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxychromeno(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)chromen-6-one (2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a-hexahydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxychromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6-one
    (2R,6aS,12aS)-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one (2R,6aS,12aS)-8,9-Dimethoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrofuro[2',3':7,8][1]benzopyrano[2,3-c][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one (2R,6aS,12aS)-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one
    (2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha))-1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one (2R-(6aalpha,12aalpha)-1,2-Dihydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxychromano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)chroman-6-on (2R-(6aalpha,12aalpha)-1,2-Dihydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxychromano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)chroman-6-one
    03L9OT429T 1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one 1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 9CI
    1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2alpha-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h) (1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, (2R-(2alpha, 6alpha-12aalpha))- 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, (2R-(2alpha, 6alpha-12aalpha))-
    1,2,12,12aalpha-Tetrahydro-2a-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy(1)benzopyrano(3,4-b)furo(2,3-h)(1)benzopyran-6(6aH)-one 2-Isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-H]chromen-6(6ah)-one 26914-EP2275422A1
    26914-EP2280009A1 26914-EP2305662A1 26914-EP2308857A1
    26914-EP2314583A1 2901AC 5''beta-rotenone
    5'-beta-Rotenone 5'.beta.-Rotenone 5'b-Rotenone
    5'beta-Rotenone 599T610 83-79-4
    AI3-00133 AK115691 AKOS004910398
    API0004105 AS-10183 AX8150549
    BCP07278 BDBM50135527 BRD-K08316444-001-01-9
    BRD-K08316444-001-05-0 BSPBio_001896 Barbasco
    Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-on e, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, ([2.2.1]R-([2.2.1]alpha,6aalpha,[2.2.1][2.2.1]aalpha))- Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, ([2.2.1]R-([2.2.1]alpha,6aalpha,[2.2.1][2.2.1]aalpha))- C07593
    CAS-83-79-4 CCG-39886 CCRIS 895
    CHEBI:28201 CHEMBL429023 CS-6067
    CUBE Canex Caswell No. 725
    Cenol garden dust Chem fish Chem-Fish
    Chem-Fish Synergized Chem-Mite Cube extract
    Cube root Cube-Pulver Cubor
    Curex flea duster DB11457 DSSTox_CID_1248
    DSSTox_GSID_21248 DSSTox_RID_76038 DTXSID6021248
    Dactinol Deril Derrin
    Derris Derris (insecticide) Derris resins
    Derris root Derris, JMAF DivK1c_000947
    Dri-Kil EINECS 201-501-9 ENT 133
    EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 071003 EU-0101112 Extrax
    Fish-Tox Foliafume Foliafume E.C
    Foliafume E.C. Gerane Green Cross Warble Powder
    Green cross warble HMS3263O06 HMS502P09
    HSDB 1762 HY-B1756 Haiari
    Hydrogenated rotenone IDI1_000947 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N
    KBio1_000947 KBio2_000465 KBio2_003033
    KBio2_005601 KBio3_001116 KBioGR_002075
    KBioSS_000465 LMPK12060007 LP01112
    LS-1830 Liquid Derris Lopac0_001112
    MCULE-7287067191 MCULE-7415617623 MFCD09025614
    MLS000738056 Mexide NCGC00017358-01
    NCGC00017358-02 NCGC00017358-03 NCGC00017358-04
    NCGC00017358-05 NCGC00017358-06 NCGC00017358-07
    NCGC00017358-08 NCGC00017358-09 NCGC00017358-10
    NCGC00017358-11 NCGC00017358-14 NCGC00017358-15
    NCGC00094382-01 NCGC00094382-02 NCGC00094382-03
    NCGC00094382-04 NCGC00094382-05 NCGC00254603-01
    NCGC00259453-01 NCGC00261797-01 NCI-C55210
    NCI60_002093 NINDS_000947 NSC 26258
    NSC-26258 NSC-8505 NSC26258
    NSC8505 Nekoe Nicouline
    Noxfire Noxfish Nusyn
    Paraderil Pb-nox Powder and root
    Prenfish Prentox Prentox Synpren-Fish
    Prestwick_542 Pro-nox fish Protax
    Q412388 R 8875 R0090
    ROTENONE (SEE ALSO TRANSGENICMODEL EVALUATION (ROTENONE)) Ro-Ko Ronone
    Rotacide Rotacide E.C Rotacide E.C.
    Rotefive Rotefour Rotenoid
    Rotenon Rotenona Rotenona [Spanish]
    Rotenone (7CI) Rotenone E.C. (7.5%) Rotenone [BSI:ISO]
    Rotenone, >=95% Rotenone, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard Rotenone, commercial
    Rotenone, hydrogenated Rotenox Rotenox 5EC
    Roteonone Rotessenol Rotocide
    Rotocide E.C. SBB006465 SC-66514
    SCHEMBL42253 SDCCGMLS-0066415.P001 SMR000393729
    SPBio_000534 SPECTRUM200013 SR-01000076110
    SR-01000076110-2 SR-01000076110-5 SR-01000076110-6
    ST057261 ST2413787 Spectrum2_000457
    Spectrum3_000158 Spectrum4_001638 Spectrum5_000455
    Spectrum_000065 Synpren TNP00301
    TRANSGENIC MODEL EVALUATION (ROTENONE) Tox21_110819 Tox21_110819_1
    Tox21_201904 Tox21_300695 Tox21_501112
    Tubatoxin Tubatoxin 1,2,12,12a,-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]-benzopyran-6(6aH)-one Tubotoxin
    UNII-03L9OT429T W-104134 WLN: T G5 D6 B666 CV HO MO POT&TT&J IY1&U1 SO1 TO1
    ZINC3860715 [1]Benzopyrano[3,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6a.alpha.H)-one, 1,2,12,12a.alpha.-tetrahydro-2.alpha.-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy- [1]Benzopyrano[3,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2-.alpha.-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-
    [1]Benzopyrano[3,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy- [1]Benzopyrano[3,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, [2R-(2.alpha.,6a.alpha.,12a.alpha.)]- [1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, (2R,6aS,12aS)-
    [1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, (2R,6aS,12aS)- (9CI) [1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one, 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, [2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha)]- [1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aalphaH)-one, 1,2,12,12aalpha-tetrahydro-2alpha-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy- (8CI)
    [2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha)]-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-o ne [2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha)]-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]Benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one [2R-(2alpha,6aalpha,12aalpha)]-1,2,12,12a-tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]furo[2,3-H][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one
    inhibits NADH2 oxidation to NAD isopropenyl(dimethoxy)[?]one rote five
    rotenone

    DrugBank Name Rotenone
    DrugBank DB11457
    CAS Number 12679-58-2, 24545-87-7, 83-72-7, 83-79-4
    PubChem Compound 6758
    KEGG Compound ID C07593
    PubChem.Substance 347827979
    ChEBI 28201
    ChemSpider 6500
    BindingDB 50135527.0
    Wikipedia Rotenone

    1. Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham & Marni J.Falk. (2017)
    2. Chan et al. (2005)
    3. Brunmair et al. (2004)
    4. Wang et al., 2009
    5. West. (2017)
    6. Deborah A. Roubicek & Nadja C. de Souza-Pinto. (2017)